$STATIC_HEADER_TOP
  <title>Cultural connections: Homicide</title>
$STATIC_HEADER_BOTTOM
     <div id="main">
     <div id="header"><h2 style="margin-right: 1.5em;">Cultural connections: <span style="font-style: italic;">Homicide & Injury</span></h2></div>
       <div id="text">
       <br/>
       <font face="arial" size="+1">
       <h3 style="font-size: 28pt; color: #626C9B; font-weight: bold; position: relative; top: -1em; letter-spacing: .10em; width: 100%; border-bottom: double 3px #626C9B; ">Homicide</h3>
       <p><TABLE border="1"><tr>
<td> &nbsp; <font face="arial" size="+1">
<a href="food.html#OEI">OE Introduction</a></td>
<td> &nbsp; <font face="arial" size="+1">
<a href="food.html#SBC">Scriftboc</a></td><td> &nbsp; <font face="arial" size="+1"><a href="food.html#CTH">Canons of Theodore</td>
<td> &nbsp; <font face="arial" size="+1"><a href="food.html#OEP">OE Penitential</td> <td> &nbsp; <font face="arial" size="+1"><a href="food.html#OEH">OE Handbook</td></tr></TABLE>
</p>
<br/>

       <p>
       <h3 style="font-size: 20pt; color: #626C9B; font-weight: bold; position: relative; top: -1em; letter-spacing: .10em; width: 100%; border-bottom: double 3px #626C9B; "><a name="OEI">1.</a> OE Introduction</h3>
       <p>

<p><b><a href="CORP190_368.html#S31.06.03" Title="Goes to the Corpus 190 manuscript">S31.06.03</a></b> They [eight chief sins] are murder and theft and false oaths
and avarice and
fornication and gluttony and calumny and false witness. </p>
<br/>
</p>
<h3 style="font-size: 20pt; color: #626C9B; font-weight: bold; position: relative; top: -1em; letter-spacing: .10em; width: 100%; border-bottom: double 3px #626C9B; ">
<a name="SBC">2.</a> Scriftboc</h3>
<p><b><a href="JUNIUS_87b.html#X01.04.01" Title="Goes to the Junius manuscript">X01.04.01</a></b> If a man without orders and not made a monk commits
fornication, he is to fast twelve months; if he begets a child, he is to fast four years; if he slays
the
child, he is to fast seven years. </p>
<p><b><a href="JUNIUS_89b.html#X07.02.01" Title="Goes to the Junius manuscript">X07.02.01</a></b> He who murders his heathen child is to fast ten years
according to the judgment of the canon; some wish (it to be) six years. </p>
<p><b><a href="JUNIUS_91a.html#X09.10.01" Title="Goes to the Junius manuscript">X09.10.01</a></b> Whoever it is who does many evil deeds, in murder and
fornication with beasts and with women, let him go into the monastery and fast forever until the
end
of his days, if he has done very many evil things.</p>
<p><b><a href="JUNIUS_93b.html#X14.09.01" Title="Goes to the Junius manuscript">X14.09.01</a></b> A woman who performs an abortion on her foetus in her
womb and kills it, if it is about forty days since she received the seed, before it received a soul,
like the murderer she is to fast three years and every week must keep the two fast days until
evening and must observe the three fasting periods.  If she loses the foetus, she must do penance
for one year or keep the three fasting periods. </p>
<p><b><a href="JUNIUS_93b.html#X15.01.00" Title="Goes to the Junius manuscript">X15.01.00</a></b> XVII  Concerning homicide and the incest of women </p> 
<p><b><a href="JUNIUS_93b.html#X15.01.01" Title="Goes to the Junius manuscript">X15.01.01</a></b> If a mother kills her child, she is to fast 15 years without
ceasing except on Sunday.</p>
<p><b><a href="JUNIUS_95a.html#X17.01.00" Title="Goes to the Junius manuscript">X17.01.00</a></b>XVIIII  Concerning homicide and acts of malice which
are
carried out by men</p>
<p><b><a href="JUNIUS_95a.html#X17.01.01" Title="Goes to the Junius manuscript">X17.01.01</a></b> If someone kills another in anger and in secrecy, he is to
fast four years, some wish (it to be) seven. </p>
<p><b><a href="JUNIUS_95a.html#X17.02.01" Title="Goes to the Junius manuscript">X17.02.01</a></b> Whoever consents to homicide and then carries it out is
to
fast five years; some wish (it to be) seven, and that he does not come into church for 40
days.</p>
<p><b><a href="JUNIUS_95a.html#X17.03.01" Title="Goes to the Junius manuscript">X17.03.01</a></b> Whichever man injures another in the genitalia or injures
him at work, let him compensate for the injury and do his work until the wound heals, and pay
the
physician's fee to the physician and fast two fasting periods or three; if he does not know how he
is to pay the fee, he is to fast twelve months.</p>
<p><b><a href="JUNIUS_95a.html#X17.04.01" Title="Goes to the Junius manuscript">X17.04.01</a></b> Whichever man slays a man in revenge for a kinsmen is
to
fast for three years; thereafter, if he wishes to compensate that man's kindred, he is to fast half
(that time, i.e., one and one-half years).</p>
<p><b><a href="JUNIUS_95a.html#X17.05.01" Title="Goes to the Junius manuscript">X17.05.01</a></b> If a man (wishes to) slay another and wounds him
(instead), he is to fast forty days; if it is a priest, (he is to fast) one hundred days.</p>
<p><b><a href="JUNIUS_95b.html#X17.06.01" Title="Goes to the Junius manuscript">X17.06.01</a></b> If one kills a man in public warfare or of necessity
because
he has to defend his lord's property, he is to fast forty days.</p>
<p><b><a href="JUNIUS_95b.html#X17.07.01" Title="Goes to the Junius manuscript">X17.07.01</a></b> Whichever man slays a priest or a monk, it is in the
bishop's
judgment whether he is to lay down his weapons and enter a monastery or is to fast for seven
years.
</p>
<p><b><a href="JUNIUS_95b.html#X17.08.01" Title="Goes to the Junius manuscript">X17.08.01</a></b> Whoever slays a bishop or a masspriest, that must be in
the
king's
judgment or the bishop's. </p>
<p><b><a href="JUNIUS_95b.html#X17.09.01" Title="Goes to the Junius manuscript">X17.09.01</a></b> If a man kills another but does not do this with the intent
to murder, he is to fast twelve months.</p>
<p><b><a href="JUNIUS_95b.html#X17.10.01" Title="Goes to the Junius manuscript">X17.10.01</a></b> If a man kills his father or mother or sister or brother or
his
son, it is in the bishop's judgment; some wish (it to be) that he repent in a foreign land for ten
years.
</p>
<p><b><a href="JUNIUS_95b.html#X17.11.01" Title="Goes to the Junius manuscript">X17.11.01</a></b> The man who hates his brother is a murderer, as John the
Evangelist said, "Whoever hates his brother is a murderer."<note type="textual" place="unspecified" anchored="yes">Source 1 John
3:15.</note></p>
<br/>
</p>
<h3 style="font-size: 20pt; color: #626C9B; font-weight: bold; position: relative; top: -1em; letter-spacing: .10em; width: 100%; border-bottom: double 3px #626C9B; ">
<a name="CTH">3.</a> Canons of Theodore</h3>
<p><b><a href="BX8558_148b.html#B66.04.02" Title="Goes to the Brussels manuscript">B66.04.02</a></b> If a woman effects an abortion of her child, the same
measures are judged (as above, 66.04.01). Then, if it is after 40 nights from the seed's reception,
she is to be accused as a homicide and must then fast for three years every Wednesday and
Friday
and the three fasting periods.</p>
<p><b><a href="BX8558_149b.html#B70.01.01" Title="Goes to the Brussels manuscript">B70.01.01</a></b> If someone falls in his thoughts or goes out of his
mind, and it befalls him that he slay someone, then his kinsmen should pay for the
man and hold him liable for the other one (i.e., the kin pay the wergeld but hold the murderer
liable
for the dead man).</p>

<p><b>B72.02.01</b> If someone slays another in (a fit of) insanity (or
unconsciously), before one knows whether his kinsmen wish to intercede for him, the men (sic;
"the man") who killed him should make compensation to his kinsmen for that man.
</p>
<p><b><a href="BX8558_150b.html#B76.02.01" Title="Goes to the Brussels manuscript">B76.02.01</a></b> If a layman slays another for hatred, if he will not lay
down
his weapons he must fast for 7 years, 3 (years) without meat and ale.</p>
<p><b><a href="BX8558_150b.html#B76.02.02" Title="Goes to the Brussels manuscript">B76.02.02</a></b>  If anyone kill a monk or a cleric, he must lay down his
weapons and serve God or fast,<note type="textual">MS Y reads  "1 year."</note> and that
according to the bishop's judgment.</p>
<p><b><a href="BX8558_150b.html#B76.02.02" Title="Goes to the Brussels manuscript">B76.03.01</a></b> If one slays (another) in public war, he must fast for 40
days. </p>
<p><b><a href="BX8558_150b.html#B76.03.02" Title="Goes to the Brussels manuscript">B76.03.02</a></b> and if he does that in anger, he must do penance for 3
years; </p>
<p><b><a href="BX8558_150b.html#B76.03.04" Title="Goes to the Brussels manuscript">B76.03.04</a></b> if he slays another through drunkenness or through
some other powerful means, 3 years or more; </p>
<p><b><a href="BX8558_151a.html#B76.03.05" Title="Goes to the Brussels manuscript">B76.03.05</a></b> if he slays another because of a useless quarrel,
he must do penance for 10 years.</p>
<p><b><a href="BX8558_151a.html#B76.05.01" Title="Goes to the Brussels manuscript">B76.05.01</a></b> He who often commits many capital sins, that is murder,
false oaths, and evil fornication with women and with animals, he must forsake those evil deeds
and go into a monastery and repent until his death.</p>
<p><b><a href="BX8558_152b.html#B77.04.12" Title="Goes to the Brussels manuscript">B77.04.12</a></b>  If a woman kills her child as a murderer, she must fast
for 15 years and never change that except on Sunday.</p>
<p><b><a href="BX8558_152b.html#B77.04.12" Title="Goes to the Brussels manuscript">B77.04.13</a></b> If a needy woman kills her child, it is said that she must fast
for 7 years.</p> 
<p><b><a href="BX8558_152b.html#B77.04.14" Title="Goes to the Brussels manuscript">B77.04.14</a></b> If a woman conceives a child and kills it while it is in her,
she must fast for 1 year. If she kills it after 40 days, she must do penance as the
murderer.</p>
<p><b><a href="BX8558_152b.html#B77.04.16" Title="Goes to the Brussels manuscript">B77.04.16</a></b> Whoever kills her child without baptism must fast for 10
years.</p>
<br/>
</p>
<h3 style="font-size: 20pt; color: #626C9B; font-weight: bold; position: relative; top: -1em; letter-spacing: .10em; width: 100%; border-bottom: double 3px #626C9B; ">
<a name="OEP">4.</a> OE Penitential</h3>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_5a.html#Y42.01.00" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y42.01.00</a></b> 
Concerning one who willingly kills another</p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_5a.html#Y42.02.00" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y42.02.00</a></b> Concerning women
who fornicate and then kill their children for fear </p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_5a.html#Y42.03.00" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y42.03.00</a></b> Concerning the man
who slays his servants for theft without the knowledge of his assembly of 100 </p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_5a.html#Y42.04.00" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y42.04.00</a></b> Concerning the woman who slays her female servant out
of envy </p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_5a.html#Y42.05.00" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y42.05.00</a></b> Concerning the man who slays himself on account of
some neglect, and concerning the man who is punished for his offenses </p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_5a.html#Y42.05.00" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y41.04.02</a></b> But he who wishes to confess his sins with remorse, let the priest receive him and prescribe for him the remedy that pertains thereto, so that the wounded soul that is bound and wounded by sin may arrive at the true medicine that is the forgiveness of God.
</p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_5b.html#Y42.01.01" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y42.01.01</a></b> (If) a layman kills another without wrongdoing, he
is to fast 7 years, 3 on bread and water and 4 as his confessor prescribes for him, and after 7
years
of penance he is to repent his misdeeds earnestly to the extent that he is able if he wishes to have
complete forgiveness from God.  For it is unknown to him how acceptable to God his penances
were.</p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_6a.html#Y42.02.01" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y42.02.01</a></b> If a woman destroys her child inside her with drink or
with other various things, or murders it after it comes forth, she is to fast 10 years, 3 on bread
and
water and 7 as her confessor mercifully wishes to instruct her.</p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_6a.html#Y42.01.03" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y42.01.03</a></b> If a layman slay a man forcibly, he is to fast three years,
one on bread and water, and two as his confessor prescribes for him.  If it is a subdeacon, he is to
fast for six years; if it is a deacon, he is to fast for seven years; if it is a masspriest, he it is to fast
for ten years and if a bishop, for twelve years.</p> 
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_6a.html#Y42.01.04" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y42.01.04</a></b> If anyone strikes his child dead unwillingly, he is to fast
3 years, 1 on bread and water and 2 as his confessor prescribes for him.</p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_6a.html#Y42.01.05" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y42.01.05</a></b> If a bishop or a masspriest slay someone, he is to forfeit
his orders.</p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_6a.html#Y42.02.01" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y42.02.01</a></b> If a woman destroys her child inside her with drink or
with
other various things, or murders it after it comes forth, she is to fast 10 years, 3 on bread and
water and 7 as her confessor mercifully wishes to instruct her.</p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_6a.html#Y42.03.01" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y42.03.01</a></b> If any man kills his servant, and he has no testimony that
he (the servant) did wrong, except that he killed him because of his rage and his negligence, he
is
to fast 2 years.</p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_6b.html#Y42.04.01" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y42.04.01</a></b> If any woman strikes her servant for some vile envy and
she dies from that (blow), and she (wifman) is innocent, the mistress (hl&aelig;fdige) is to fast
seven years.  If she has witness that she (the servant) were guilty, she is to fast 3
years.</p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_6b.html#Y42.05.01" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y42.05.01</a></b> (Concerning) the man who slays himself with a weapon
or at some instigation of the devil: it is not permitted for anyone to sing mass for such a man, nor
to commit that body to the earth with any psalm-song.  </p>

<p><b><a href="LAUD482_14a.html#Y44.01.01" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y44.01.01</a></b> If any bishop slays a man, he is to forfeit his orders and
fast 12 years, 7 on bread and water, and for 5 years 3 days each week, and on the
others partake of his food.</p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_14a.html#Y44.01.02" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y44.01.02</a></b> If a masspriest or a monk slays someone, he is to forfeit
his orders and fast 10 years, 5 on bread and water, and for the other 5 years he is to fast 3 days
each week, and on the others partake of his food.</p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_14a.html#Y44.01.03" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y44.01.03</a></b> If a deacon slay someone, he is to forfeit his orders and
fast 7 years, 4 on bread and water, and for 3 years he is to fast 3 days each week, and on the
others partake of his food.</p> 
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_14b.html#Y44.01.04" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y44.01.04</a></b> If a cleric slay someone, he is to fast 6 years, 4 on bread
and water and for 2 years he is to fast 3 days each week, and on the others partake of his food. 
</p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_14b.html#Y44.01.05" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y44.01.05</a></b> If a layman slay someone, he is to fast 5 years, 3 on bread
and water, and for 2 years he is to fast 3 days each week, and on the others partake of his food.
</p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_14b.html#Y44.02.01" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y44.02.01</a></b> If someone slays a man in orders or his immediate kin, he
is to leave his homeland and his possessions and journey to Rome to the Pope and afterwards do
as he advises him.</p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_16a.html#Y44.17.01" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y44.17.01</a></b> If any woman deliberately destroys her child in herself
with drink or murder it with anything, she is to fast for 7 years, 3 on bread and water and, for 4
years, 3 days each week on bread and water and on the others partake of her food without
meat.</p>
</p>
<p><b><a href="LAUD482_16b.html#Y44.18.01" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y44.18.01</a></b> If a layman wound another, he is to make amends to him for the wound and obtain the remedy for him and fast 1 40-day period before midwinter every other day on bread and water.</p>
<p><b><a href="BX8558_142v.html#B44.18.02" Title="Goes to the Laud Misc. manuscript">Y44.18.02</a></b> 
B44.18.02 If a cleric wound someone, he is to fast 2 40-day periods, one before midsummer and another before midwinter, every other day on bread and water. Note: MSS XY are missing 14.18.02, found in MSS BS. Raith brackets the omitted material, p. 56, lines 3-5.
<br/>
</p>
<h3 style="font-size: 20pt; color: #626C9B; font-weight: bold; position: relative; top: -1em; letter-spacing: .10em; width: 100%; border-bottom: double 3px #626C9B; ">
<a name="OEH">5.</a> OE Handbook</h3>
<p><b><a href="CORP201_117.html#D54.05.01" Title="Goes to the Corpus 201 manuscript">D54.05.01</a></b> If a lay person slays another without fault, he is to fast 7
years on bread and water and then 4 years as his confessor instructs him, and after that 7 years of
repentance, he is to repent his misdeeds diligently, to the extent that he may; for it is unknown
how acceptable his penance was to God. <Note type="textual">Other manuscripts specify bread
and water for 3 years, followed by 4 years of penance as the confessor prescribes, not, as here, a
penance of 7 years on bread and water. </note> </p>
<p><b><a href="CORP201_117.html#D54.06.01" Title="Goes to the Corpus 201 manuscript">D54.06.01</a></b> He who wishes to kill another and is unable to carry out
his wish fully is to fast for 3 years, 1 on bread and water and 2 years as his priest prescribes for
him. </p>
<p><b><a href="CORP201_117.html#D54.07.01" Title="Goes to the Corpus 201 manuscript">D54.07.01</a></b> If a lay person slays a man out of compulsion, he is to
fast
for 3 years, 1 on bread and water, and 2 as his confessor prescribes for him, and ever to repent
his
misdeeds. If it is a subdeacon (who slays another), he is to fast for 6 years; if it is a deacon, he is
to
fast for 7 years; if is a
masspriest, he is to fast for 10 years; and if a bishop, for twelve years and repent ever after.
</p>
<p><b><a href="CORP201_117.html#D54.08.01" Title="Goes to the Corpus 201 manuscript">D54.08.01</a></b> If anyone smites his child to death unintentionally, he is
to
fast for 5 years, 3 on bread and water as above. </p>
<p><b><a href="CORP201_117.html#D54.09.01" Title="Goes to the Corpus 201 manuscript">D54.09.01</a></b> If a bishop or a masspriest slays someone, he must forfeit
his rank and repent earnestly ever after. </p>

<p><b><a href="CORP201_118.html#D54.10.01" Title="Goes to the Corpus 201 manuscript">D54.10.01</a></b> If a woman murder her child while it is inside her, or
after
it comes out, with drink or with diverse other things, she is to fast for 10 years, 3 on bread and
water, and 7 as her confessor mercifully prescribes for her, and repent it ever after. </p>
<p><b><a href="CORP201_118.html#D54.11.01" Title="Goes to the Corpus 201 manuscript">D54.11.01</a></b> If someone kill his servant without fault out of anger,
he is to fast 3 years. </p>
<p><b><a href="CORP201_118.html#D54.12.01" Title="Goes to the Corpus 201 manuscript">D54.12.01</a></b> If a woman strikes her servant because of some vile
enmity and she dies from that (blow) and she is innocent, the woman is to fast 3 years and repent
her misdeed ever after.<note type="textual">A line has been omitted from the text so that a
greater offense (killing an innocent servant, penance of 7 years) acquires the penance of a lesser
one (striking a servant who is guilty, penance of 3 years); see Corpus 265: "If a woman strikes
her
servant because of some vile enmity and she dies from that (blow) and she is innocent, the
woman
is to fast 7 years, and if she (the servant) be guilty, she is to fast 3 years and repent her misdeed
ever after." </note></p>
<p><b><a href="CORP201_118.html#D54.13.01" Title="Goes to the Corpus 201 manuscript">D54.13.01</a></b> If a man intentionally slay himself with a weapon or at
some kind of demonic instigation, it is not permitted that one should sing mass for such a man,
nor to commit that body to earth with any psalm singing, nor to bury the body in a consecrated
(purified) cemetery.
</p>
<p><b><a href="CORP201_118.html#D54.13.02" Title="Goes to the Corpus 201 manuscript">D54.13.02</a></b> One must reach the same judgment for him who loses his
life in punishment of his offenses--that is, for the thief, the murderer, or betrayer of his lord.
</p>
<p><b><a href="CORP201_119.html#D54.25.01" Title="Goes to the Corpus 201 manuscript">D54.25.01</a></b> If a masspriest or a monk kills a man, he is to forfeit his
rank and fast 10 years, 5 on bread and water and for 5 (years and fast) 3 days of the week, and on
the others take his food, and repent his sins ever after. If a deacon (does this), 8 years on bread
and water, and so on (as above). If a cleric (does this), 6 years, 4 on bread and water; if a
layperson, 5 years, 3 on bread and water, as above. </p>
<p><b><a href="CORP201_119.html#D54.26.01" Title="Goes to the Corpus 201 manuscript">D54.26.01</a></b> If someone slay a person in orders, or his own next of
kin, he must leave his land and his possessions and do as the pope advises him and repent
ever after. </p>
<p><b><a href="CORP201_119.html#D54.27.01" Title="Goes to the Corpus 201 manuscript">D54.27.01</a></b> If a masspriest or a monk commit fornication or adultery,
he is to fast for 10 years and repent ever after; if a deacon, 7 years; if a cleric, six; if a
layman, five, as with manslaughter. </p>
<p><b><a href="CORP201_119.html#D54.28.01" Title="Goes to the Corpus 201 manuscript">D54.28.01</a></b> If a masspriest or a monk or a deacon had a lawful wife
before he was in orders and he leaves her in order to receive orders, and afterwards through
fornication takes her again, each one of them is to fast as for manslaughter, and they should
repent greatly. </p>
<p><b><a href="CORP201_120.html#D54.39.01" Title="Goes to the Corpus 201 manuscript">D54.39.01</a></b> If anyone suffocates a child in sleep so that it dies, he is
to
fast 3 years, 1 on bread and water and, for 2 years, 3 days in the week, and if it came
about through drunkenness, he is to repent more deeply, as his priest prescribes, and repent that
ever after. </p>
<p><b><a href="CORP201_121.html#D55.04.01" Title="Goes to the Corpus 201 manuscript">D55.04.01</a></b> The physician who must heal grievous wound well must have a good salve for that. Nor are there any wounds so evil as the wounds of sin, for through them a man perishes in eternal death unless through confession, cessation (from sin), and repentance he becomes healed.</p>
<p><b><a href="CORP201_121.html#D55.05.01" Title="Goes to the Corpus 201 manuscript">D55.05.01</a></b> 
D55.05.01 Then the physcian who must heal the wounds ought to be wise and careful. One must first cure him (lit. them) through good teaching and with it do so that he vomits the poison that is within him, that is, that he should cleanse himself first through confession. 
</p>
       </div>
     </div>
   </td>
 </tr>
</table>
$STATIC_FOOTER